02137nas a2200181   4500008004100000245008900041210006900130260000800199300001200207490000700219520151900226653002101745653001301766100001501779700001501794700001401809856013201823       2004                        eng d00aReachability and Steering of Rolling Polyhedra: A Case Study in Discrete Nonholonomy0 aReachability and Steering of Rolling Polyhedra A Case Study in D  cMay  a710-7260 v493 a<p>Rolling a ball on a plane is a standard example of nonholonomy reported in many textbooks, and the problem is also well understood for any smooth deformation of the surfaces. For non-smoothly deformed surfaces, however, much less is known. Although it may seem intuitive that nonholonomy is conserved (think e.g. to polyhedral approximations of smooth surfaces), current definitions of ``nonholonomy'' are inherently referred to systems described by ordinary differential equations, and are thus inapplicable to such systems. \İn this paper we study the set of positions and orientations that a polyhedral part can reach by rolling on a plane through sequences of adjacent faces. We provide a description of such reachable set, discuss conditions under which the set is dense, or discrete, or has a compound structure, and provide a method for steering the system to a desired reachable configuration, robustly with respect to model uncertainties. \\Based on ideas and concepts encountered in this case study, and in some other examples we provide, we turn back to the most general aspects of the problem and investigate the possible generalization of the notion of (kinematic) nonholonomy to non-smooth, discrete, and hybrid dynamical systems. To capture the essence of phenomena commonly regarded as ``nonholonomic'', at least two irreducible concepts are to be defined, of ``internal'' and ``external'' nonholonomy, which may coexist in the same system. These definitions are instantiated by examples.</p>
10aEmbedded Control10aRobotics1 aBicchi, A.1 aChitour, Y1 aMarigo, A  uhttp://www.centropiaggio.unipi.it/publications/reachability-and-steering-rolling-polyhedra-case-study-discrete-nonholonomy.html