02193nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245009900055210006900154300001200223490000800235520153000243653001901773100001501792700001301807700001701820700001401837700001401851700001501865700001701880700001801897856004801915 2011 eng d a1347-442100aSubstrate stiffness influences high resolution printing of living cells with an ink-jet system0 aSubstrate stiffness influences high resolution printing of livin a79–850 v1123 a
The adaptation of inkjet printing technology for the realisation of controlled micro- and nano-scaled biological structures is of great potential in tissue and biomaterial engineering. In this paper we present the Olivetti BioJet system and its applications in tissue engineering and cell printing. BioJet, which employs a thermal inkjet cartridge, was used to print biomolecules and living cells. It is well known that high stresses and forces are developed during the inkjet printing process. When printing living particles (i.e., cell suspensions) the mechanical loading profile can dramatically damage the processed cells. Therefore computational models were developed to predict the velocity profile and the mechanical load acting on a droplet during the printing process. The model was used to investigate the role of the stiffness of the deposition substrate during droplet impact and compared with experimental investigations on cell viability after printing on different materials. The computational model and the experimental results confirm that impact forces are highly dependent on the deposition substrate and that soft and viscous surfaces can reduce the forces acting on the droplet, preventing cell damage. These results have high relevance for cell bioprinting; substrates should be designed to have a good compromise between substrate stiffness to conserve spatial patterning without droplet coalescence but soft enough to absorb the kinetic energy of droplets in order to maintain cell viability.
10aBioengineering1 aTirella, A1 aVozzi, F1 aDe Maria, C.1 aVozzi, G.1 aSandri, T1 aSassano, D1 aCognolato, L1 aAhluwalia, A. uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21497548